太陽能光伏發電系統有哪些，原理是什么?
發表于：2025-05-22 發布者：江蘇海天微電子股份有限公司(si)
太陽能(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)由太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組、太陽能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制器(qi)、蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(組)組成。如輸出電(dian)(dian)源為交(jiao)流220V并且要(yao)和(he)市電(dian)(dian)互(hu)補(bu)，還需要(yao)配(pei)置逆變器(qi)和(he)市電(dian)(dian)智能(neng)(neng)切換器(qi)。
1、太陽能(neng)電池(chi)陣列(lie)即太陽能(neng)電池(chi)板
這是太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)伏發電系統中的(de)(de)核(he)心部分(fen)，它(ta)的(de)(de)主要作(zuo)用就(jiu)是將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)子轉化為(wei)電能，從(cong)而推動負載工作(zuo)。太(tai)陽(yang)能電池分(fen)為(wei)單晶硅太(tai)電池、多晶硅太(tai)陽(yang)電池、非晶硅太(tai)陽(yang)能電池。由于單晶硅電池比其(qi)他兩類(lei)堅(jian)固耐用、使用壽命長(一(yi)般可達20年(nian))、光(guang)電轉換效率高(gao)等，致使它(ta)成為(wei)常用的(de)(de)電池。
2、太陽能充電(dian)控制器
它的主要工(gong)作就是控(kong)制整個系統的狀(zhuang)態(tai)，同時對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)、過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)起到保護作用。在溫度特(te)別低的地(di)方，它還具(ju)有溫度補償功(gong)能。
3、太陽能深循環蓄電(dian)池組
蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)顧名思義就(jiu)是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，它主要儲存由(you)太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)轉化過來的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，一般為鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可(ke)以多次循環(huan)使用。
在全程監(jian)控系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong).有的設備需要提供(gong)(gong)220V、110V的交流(liu)電(dian)源，而太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的直接輸出一般為(wei)(wei)1 2VDc、24VDc、48VDc。所以為(wei)(wei)了能(neng)(neng)(neng)給22VAC、11OVAc的設備提供(gong)(gong)電(dian)源，系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)就必(bi)須增加直流(liu)/交流(liu)逆變器，將太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏發電(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)產生的直流(liu)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)交流(liu)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
太陽能發(fa)電原(yuan)理
太(tai)陽能(neng)發電(dian)簡單的(de)原理就是我們所說的(de)化學反應，即太(tai)陽能(neng)轉化為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)。這個轉化過(guo)程(cheng)就是太(tai)陽能(neng)輻(fu)射(she)能(neng)光子通過(guo)半導(dao)體(ti)物(wu)質轉變為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，通常叫做“光生(sheng)伏打效應”，太(tai)陽電(dian)池(chi)就是利用(yong)這種效應制成(cheng)的(de)。
我們(men)知道，當太(tai)陽(yang)光照射(she)(she)到半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)上(shang)時，有(you)(you)一部分光子(zi)(zi)(zi)被表面反射(she)(she)掉，其余部分要(yao)不被半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)吸(xi)收要(yao)不就被半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)透過，其中被吸(xi)收的(de)光子(zi)(zi)(zi)，當然有(you)(you)一些(xie)變成(cheng)熱，另~些(xie)光子(zi)(zi)(zi)則同組成(cheng)半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)的(de)原子(zi)(zi)(zi)價電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)碰撞(zhuang)，于(yu)是產生電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)一空(kong)穴對(dui)。這樣，太(tai)陽(yang)光能就以產生電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)一空(kong)穴對(dui)的(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)轉變為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能，再經過半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)內(nei)部的(de)電(dian)(dian)場反應，產生一定的(de)電(dian)(dian)流，如果把一塊(kuai)一塊(kuai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)半(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)以各種(zhong)方式(shi)連接起來則形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)多(duo)股電(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，從(cong)而輸出功率。
太陽(yang)能視頻監(jian)控供(gong)電系統工作原理:
1、當太陽光(guang)照較(jiao)強時(shi)，太陽能光(guang)伏(fu)組件(jian)產生的(de)電流匯聚(ju)到控(kong)制器，控(kong)制器進行供電監(jian)控(kong)。太陽能光(guang)伏(fu)組件(jian)通過控(kong)制器給視頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)部(bu)件(jian)供電，同(tong)時(shi)將多于的(de)能量儲存(cun)在儲能系統(tong)中。
2、當(dang)太陽光照較弱時(shi)，太陽能(neng)(neng)儲能(neng)(neng)單元板(ban)的發電滿足(zu)不(bu)了(le)視頻監控需求的能(neng)(neng)量(liang)時(shi)，負載除從太陽能(neng)(neng)儲能(neng)(neng)單元板(ban)獲(huo)取能(neng)(neng)量(liang)以(yi)外，儲能(neng)(neng)系統同時(shi)處于放電狀態以(yi)滿足(zu)視頻監控穩定運(yun)行。
3、當到夜間、陰天等日照條件不好的情況(kuang)下，轉由儲能系(xi)統給視頻(pin)監控供電。
在(zai)野外安(an)裝無(wu)線監控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)由于(yu)設備(bei)安(an)裝地方偏遠無(wu)法供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)或者供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)成本(ben)過高、供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不穩定，嚴(yan)重影響應用。這種情況(kuang)可以(yi)采用太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)解(jie)決，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)無(wu)線視(shi)頻(pin)監控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)工(gong)作原理是太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件將太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)光能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)(zhi)作為中心控制(zhi)(zhi)設備(bei)，一(yi)方面將太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件轉化的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)存(cun)儲在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)里(li)，一(yi)方面控制(zhi)(zhi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)對攝(she)像機、無(wu)線視(shi)頻(pin)傳(chuan)輸(shu)設備(bei)以(yi)及其他負載設備(bei)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果用電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)中有交流(liu)(liu)設備(bei)，通過逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器將直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)成交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可向交流(liu)(liu)設備(bei)提供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。
根據系(xi)統設備的(de)用電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)，可(ke)(ke)輸(shu)出12V/24V/36V/48/220V等不同(tong)電(dian)壓，滿(man)足各種設備的(de)供電(dian)需(xu)要，無(wu)線(xian)視頻監(jian)控系(xi)統運行可(ke)(ke)靠穩定，能滿(man)足戶外(wai)各種惡(e)劣工作環境。
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